New Chaco Post

To read about our visit to Pueblo Bonito you will need to scroll down past the first Chaco post... I started it, then stopped it to write the other post and so its a bit out of sequence.

Enjoy!

May 22 - Arriving at Chaco Cultural National Historical Park

We arrived at Chaco Canyon just a few minutes after 5 PM on Friday evening, May 22. Since the Gallo Campground does not accept reservations and is fairly small, about 40 sites or so) we called just before we left Beranlillo to make sure that there were sites available - there were so we headed out. It took about 3.5 hours to get to Chaco from Bernalillo (about a third of the time was spent on the 21 miles of rough dirt road) and in that time the campground filled up. The park hosts were gracious enough to let us 'camp' in the closed group campsite overnight since several people were leaving the next morning. We got a primo-site, #20 the next morning and thus began our visit.

Gallo campground is really nice, surrounded by rocky cliffs, there are some petroglyphs (vandalized by idiots of course) and some smaller cliff dwellings you can exploe just steps from you campsite. Not a lot of privacy or trees (so could be blistery in the summer) but nice overall. No hook-ups, no potable water in the camp (you have to go about 2 miles to the visitor's center for water) but they do have flush toilets and running water in the bathrooms - no showers).

Part of the Gallo Campground

from the Overlook Trail

Our campsite #20

The weather wasn't the best on our trip - rain and thunderstorms but at least it stayed cooler. I bet this place bakes in the summer time. So in between rain showers we explored most of what Chaco has to offer. There were a couple trails and thus pueblos that we missed but we'll hit them sometime soon. One nice thing about Chaco Culture Historical Park is that you can take your dogs on the back-country trails as long as they stay leashed, and do not enter any of the ruins. I'm sure that people will abuse it and ruin it for us responsible pet owners but for now its great to be able to hike with your dogs - especially when they are hyper puppies that need to be worn out.

First stop was the visitor's center for a few trail guides and an introduction to Chaco. On Tuesdays, Fridays & Saturday's the visitor's center hosts 'star-talks' and star-gazing with their telescopes, unfortunately for us, the weather most certainly did not cooperate in the star-gazing department but we did sit through three great talks - Friday, the historic trading posts of the San Juan Basin, Saturday, the night sky at Chaco & some astronomical signs in & around the park, and Sunday was a excellent talk by one of the campground hosts who is also a Mayan Archeologists about the chocolate found in Chaco.

One of the great mysteries of Chaco is that no one really knows what it was used for. Most agree that no one lived her permanently since they haven't found the huge midden heaps or graves, etc that would indicate a large population lived here year-round. Some theories indicate that Chaco Canyon was a place for celebration and ceremonies, others a trading center or a combination of the two. The buildings in Chaco were built over a 300 year span (A.D 850 - A.D. 1150) in planned statges. Then suddenly, and with no record of why or where they abondoned these magnificent buildings.

There is evidence that there was trade with the people of Central Mexico. Whether it was direct trade (Chacoans traveling to Mexico or vice versa) or indirect, where the goods were handed up from Central Mexico we may never know but archeologists have found the skeletal remains of macaws in the some of the buildings in Chaco, shells, copper bells and more recently (Feb 2009) "chocolate" was discovered in some Chacoan pot sherds of cylindrical vases dating between A.D. 1000-1125 - some 400 years earlier than when scholars first thought chocolate came to North America!!! At the time, the only people who had chocolate were the Aztecs, about 1200 miles south!! (Click on this link to read more about it: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/02/090202-ancient-chocolate.html )

In reciprocation, turquiose and other southwest influences have been found in some ruins of central Mexico.

Over 400 miles of pre-historic roads criss-cross the San Juan Basin, linking Chaco Canyon to its outlying neighbors. These roads were planned and engineered - most 30 ft wide, and straight, if they encountered a cliff face, the Chacoans carved steps and hand-holds into the face and continued the road on top of the mesa.

Chaco Canyon National Monument was established on March 11, 1907. On December 19, 1980, CCHM was re-designated Chaco Cultural National Historical Park and in 1987 received international recognition through the designation as a World Heritage Site.

If you get a chance to go - please do. It is a fantastic place to visit and let your imagination roam. It's a fascinating, mysterious place. And please respect that this is also a sacred site to many Native Americans.

More photos to come, I just wanted to give you a quick background on Chaco first...

May 23 - CCNHP - Pueblo Bonito (Chaco pt 2)

REMEMBER TO CLICK ON ANY IMAGE FOR A LARGER VIEW

Saturday morning found us looking at gray dreary skies and cool weather, but no matter. With the threat of rain looming (literall) over our heads we hit the trails and the Pueblos. After a quick stop at the visitor center for trail maps and guides we were on our way.

We went directly to Pueblo Bonito, one of the more famous of the Chaco Great Houses. The trail through Bonito is 0.6 miles and graveled with some short steps and low (really low) doorways. It is wheelchair accessible to stop 2 and then backtrack to stop 19.

Pueblo Bonito was undercontruction off & on from AD 850 to about AD 1125. The great houses were oriented to the solar, lunar & cardinal directions and Bonito was no exception. The great houses of Chaco Canyon were surrounded by sophisticated astronomical markers, communication features, water control devices, and engineered roads. Pueblo Bonito was named by Lt James Simpson and his Mexican guide, Carravahal in 1849. It had been "excavated" many times before the official excavations begun in the 1920's.

Bryan in front of Pueblo Bonito

Pueblo Bonito

In 1941, a detached segment of the cliff wall named Threatening Rock, fell and destroyed about 30 rooms of Pueblo Bonito. Threatening Rock was seperated from the cliff by a wide crack - the rock measured 97 feet high, 140 ft long & 34 ft thick and weighed an estimated 30,000 tons!! The Chacoans that built here were aware of the threat the rocks possessed. They places prayer sticks (pahos) in the crevice between the rocks & the cliff face. They also built masonry terraces below the base to help counteract soil erosion. The traditional Navajo name for Bonito is Tsé-biyah-nii'a'ah, which means "rock that braces & supports the structure from below". The next couple of photos show the fallen rock in and around PB.

Parts of Theartening Rock with

Bonito in the background

Bonito from Threatening Rock

The walls of PB are constructed in the core-and-veneer fashion. The core is filled with irregular bits of sandstone laid in a mud mortar it was then faced on both sides with carefully selected selected and shaped stones to create the veneer. The Chacoans applied a plaster coating over most walss, this helped to protect the mud mortar from rain and decreased the maintenance.

Pueblo Bonito, like other multi-storied great houses, has really wide first floor walls. This created strong, stable base upon which to build additional stories; each subsequent floors' walls were thinner, lightening the load of the upper stories. PB had 3-4 stories in the back and tapered down to single stories in the front, along the central plaza.

Part of the back wall of Chaco - about two stories tall

Raymona - Pueblo Alto trail (a whole other blog post)

looking down on Pueblo Bonito

The central plaza of Pueblo Bonito contain several kivas. Kivas are a key element of Chacoan architecture and are found in almost every Chacoan community between AD 900 & AD1200. The design, size and central position of great kivas suggest a ceremonial purpose and indeed modern puebloans use kivas for religious worship.

View of the Pueblo Bonito central plaza

One of the kivas in Pueblo Bonito

Looking from the inside of Pueblo Bonito

toward the cliff wall

I love this photo - looking east out of a

Pueblo Bonito window toward Chetro Ketl

The inner doors in PB, and most of the other Pueblos are SMALL or maybe I should say small.

You "walk" through 11 narrow doors (20-27" wide and 41-46" tall) on your tour of the Pueblo. In the photo below you can see how small they are (not how big I am - hee hee) - holes you see above the door were used to hold vigas - log beams that supported the ceiling and floors above.

Raymona next to a typical

Chacoan doorway

Researchers say that over 225,000 trees were cut and used in the construction of the Pueblos in the Chacoan communities. These trees came from mountain forests dozens of miles away. The lumber was cut, allowed to dry for a year and then hand carried back to Chaco for construction.

This sign describes the best preserved room

in Pueblo Bonito

Bryan in the room that was the best preserved

in Bonito. The plaster found here was original but

has since been replastered to protect it. This is

how it would have looked (without the flash)

when the original people built it.

Original vigas (roof beams) and

latillas (slats) in a room at Pueblo Bonito